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1.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun ; 585: 55-60, 2021 12 31.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34784552

ABSTRACT

Radiotherapy (RT) is an effective treatment option for cancer; however, its efficacy remains less than optimal in locally advanced cancer. Immune checkpoint inhibitor-based therapy, including the administration of anti-PD-L1 antibodies, is a promising approach that works synergistically with RT. Proton beam therapy and carbon-ion therapy are common options for patients with cancer. Proton and carbon ions are reported to induce an immune reaction in cancer cells; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we aimed to compare the immune responses after irradiation (IR) with X-ray, protons, and carbon ions in an oesophageal cancer cell line and the underlying mechanisms. An oesophageal cancer cell line, KYSE450, was irradiated with 1 fraction/15 GyE (Gy equivalent) of X-ray, proton, or carbon-ion beams, and then, the cells were harvested for RNA sequencing and gene enrichment analysis. We also knocked out STING and STAT1 in the quest for mechanistic insights. RNA sequencing data revealed that gene expression signatures and biological processes were different in KYSE450 irradiated with X-ray, proton, and carbon-ion beams 6-24 h after IR. However, after 3 days, a common gene expression signature was detected, associated with biological pathways involved in innate immune responses. Gene knock-out experiments revealed that the STING-STAT1 axis underlies the immune reactions after IR. X-Ray, proton, and carbon-ion IRs induced similar immune responses, regulated by the STING-STAT1 axis.


Subject(s)
Carbon , Esophageal Neoplasms/genetics , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/radiation effects , Immunity/radiation effects , Protons , Transcriptome/radiation effects , X-Rays , Cell Line, Tumor , Esophageal Neoplasms/immunology , Esophageal Neoplasms/pathology , Gene Expression Profiling/methods , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/immunology , Gene Ontology , Humans , Immunity/genetics , Ions , RNA-Seq/methods , Radiation/classification , Signal Transduction/genetics , Signal Transduction/immunology , Signal Transduction/radiation effects , Transcriptome/immunology
3.
Cir. plást. ibero-latinoam ; 46(supl.1): S107-S114, abr. 2020. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-193500

ABSTRACT

El presente artículo comprende una amplia y descriptiva revisión de la radiación desde su concepción básica, características, clasificación, fuentes, equipos, elementos radioactivos y los efectos biológicos en el ser humano. La diferencia entre radiación ionizante y no ionizante radica en la cantidad de energía del fotón individual y no en la cantidad de energía total. La radiación no ionizante se caracteriza por no contar con energía suficiente para convertir átomos o moléculas a iones, sin embargo es capaz de producir calor, útil en tratamientos fisiátricos y estéticos, pero con la posibilidad de producir quemaduras y otras lesiones que aún siguen en estudio. Entre las fuentes de radiación no ionizante tenemos la luz visible, el laser, la luz infrarroja, el microondas, y el teléfono móvil. Los diversos equipos de diagnóstico y tratamiento empleados en Medicina como rayos X, radioterapia, medicina nuclear, o en el caso de accidentes nucleares y guerras radiactivas, pueden generar radiaciones del tipo ionizante que rompen enlaces químicos, con el consecuente desarrollo de lesiones biológicas, en ocasiones graves


This article includes a broad and descriptive review of radiation from its basic conception, characteristics, classification, sources, equipment, radioactive elements and the biological effects on humans. The difference between ionizing and non-ionizing radiation lies in the amount of energy of the individual photon and not in the amount of total energy. Non-ionizing radiation is characterized by not having enough energy to convert atoms or molecules to ions; however they are capable of producing heat, useful in physiological and aesthetic treatments, with the possibility of producing burns and other injuries that are still under study. Among the non-ionizing radiation sources, we have visible light, laser, infrared light, microwave and mobile phone. The various diagnostic and treatment equipment used in Medicine such as X-rays, radiotherapy, nuclear medicine, or in the case of nuclear accidents and radioactive wars, can generate ionizing type radiation that breaks chemical bonds, with the consequent development of biological lesions that may be severe


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Burns/complications , Radiation/classification , Radiotherapy/adverse effects , Radiation Injuries/diagnosis , Radiation Injuries/etiology , Skin/injuries , Radiation, Ionizing , Radiation, Nonionizing/adverse effects , Radiation Injuries/complications
4.
Molecules ; 25(3)2020 Jan 28.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32012927

ABSTRACT

Every cell in a living organism is constantly exposed to physical and chemical factors which damage the molecular structure of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Cellular DNA lesions are the most dangerous because the genetic information, critical for the identity and function of each eukaryotic cell, is stored in the DNA. In this review, we describe spectroscopic markers of DNA damage, which can be detected by infrared, Raman, surface-enhanced Raman, and tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopies, using data acquired from DNA solutions and mammalian cells. Various physical and chemical DNA damaging factors are taken into consideration, including ionizing and non-ionizing radiation, chemicals, and chemotherapeutic compounds. All major spectral markers of DNA damage are presented in several tables, to give the reader a possibility of fast identification of the spectral signature related to a particular type of DNA damage.


Subject(s)
DNA Damage , DNA/drug effects , DNA/radiation effects , DNA/chemistry , Humans , Models, Molecular , Molecular Conformation , Radiation/classification , Spectrum Analysis, Raman
6.
Braz. J. Pharm. Sci. (Online) ; 53(4): e17081, 2017. tab, graf, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-889411

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Heparin-SOD conjugate (Hep-SOD) was prepared by modifying Cu,Zn-SOD with heparin. An acute radiation-induced mouse injury model was constructed to study the radiation protection effects of Hep-SOD conjugate. Fifty-six mice were randomly divided into seven groups: (I) normal control group; (II) irradiated control group; (III) positive control group (amifostine group, 300 mg/kg); (IV) SOD group (35000 U/kg); (V) high dosage of Hep-SOD group (70000 U/kg); (VI) medium dosage of Hep-SOD group (35000 U/kg); (VII) low dosage of Hep-SOD group (17500 U/kg). Drugs were intraperitoneally injected into each mouse 1 h before radiation except for the normal control group. All the irradiated groups were irradiated with 6 Gy. Organ indices, haematopoietic function indices, peripheral blood cells, liver function test, oxidative stress state and pathological observation were detected to study the effects of Hep-SOD on irradiated mice. Results showed that bone marrow suppression of irradiated mice could be reduced when treated by Hep-SOD before radiation. Oxidative stress detection and pathological observation of the liver and intestine showed that the damage caused by radiation was relieved when mice were treated with Hep-SOD before radiation. This study shows a new direction to prevent organisms from the damage caused by radiation.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Superoxide Dismutase , Heparin , Radioactive Hazard Release , Radiation/classification , Abnormalities, Radiation-Induced , Oxidative Stress/radiation effects
7.
Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor ; 22(5): 217-223, sept.-oct. 2015. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-146293

ABSTRACT

La fluorosocopia es una técnica esencial para la realización de la mayoría de bloqueos en tratamiento del dolor pero, a pesar de utilizarse diariamente, un gran porcentaje de especialistas no ha recibido formación específica, según se describe en una encuesta realizada entre los encuestados de la especialidad (1). Con este artículo pretendemos exponer conceptos básicos de los tipos de radiación, sobre cómo se generan los rayos X y cómo podemos controlar la imagen que obtenemos en el monitor modificando diferentes parámetros como corriente o voltaje. También se describen los límites de dosis establecidos en la legislación española, cómo se puede monitorizar la radiación, las recomendaciones para reducir la exposición a rayos X y tratamos de insistir en la importancia de informar al paciente del uso de rayos X, lo cual raramente realizamos (AU)


The use of fluoroscopy is an essential tool for the practice of blocks and techniques in pain management. However and despite its frequent use, a large number of pain specialists have not received specific training, according to the study that we carried out among pain practitioners (1). In the present study we pretend to describe the basic principles of radiation, generation of X rays, and control of the monitor image using the, voltage or current. We also describe the dose limits established by Spanish law, how to monitor radiation, recommendations to reduce exposure to X rays and finally we insist on the importance to inform the patient about the use of X rays, since rarely it is done (AU)


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Fluoroscopy/instrumentation , Fluoroscopy/methods , Fluoroscopy , /methods , /standards , Pain Management/instrumentation , Pain Management/methods , Radiotherapy/methods , Pain Management/standards , Pain Management , X-Ray Therapy/trends , Radiation/classification , Radiation, Ionizing , Radiation Exposure
8.
Semin Cancer Biol ; 35: 45-52, 2015 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26410035

ABSTRACT

Cancer patients without metastasis are generally considered as candidates for curative localized radiation therapy. However, while the benefits of localized radiation have been demonstrated by many clinical studies, recurrences or distant metastases that develop after local treatment remain a major therapeutic challenge. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have reported that irradiation may subsequently alter tumor aggression by reducing or promoting the invasiveness of the remaining cancer cells after radiation, which appears to differ depending on the form of radiation, as well as the investigated cell lines. Cell lines recapitulate cancer heterogeneity based on the characteristics reflected in their genetic abnormalities, and thus can be used as a tool to investigate the genetic basis of cancer aggression. Importantly, molecular insights into this process would allow us to tailor drug treatments for use in combination with local radiation treatment. This review summarizes the diverse responses of cancer cell invasiveness induced by radiation, and discusses the possible molecular pathways and the genetic variations that may affect radiation-altered invasion.


Subject(s)
Neoplasms/metabolism , Neoplasms/pathology , Radiation , Animals , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Movement/genetics , Cell Movement/radiation effects , Extracellular Matrix/metabolism , Extracellular Matrix/radiation effects , Humans , Neoplasm Invasiveness , Neoplasms/etiology , Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Radiation/classification , Signal Transduction/radiation effects , Tumor Microenvironment/genetics , Tumor Microenvironment/radiation effects
9.
Belo Horizonte; s.n; 2014. xix, 115 p.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-760542

ABSTRACT

A radioterapia é uma modalidade importante para tratar o câncer de Cabeça e Pescoço, no entanto falhas do tratamento já foram observadas e recorrência da doença é comum. Novas abordagens para melhorar os efeitos benéficos de radioterapia têm sido desenvolvidas e terapia gênica surge como uma ferramenta importante para atingir esse objetivo. Apesar de modelos in vitro serem úteis para entender os efeitos da radiação em níveis celulares um modelo mais próximo ao esquema de irradiação clínica, que permita reproduzir irradiação diária, é necessário. Sinais de cálcio no núcleo têm demonstrado desempenhar um papel crucial em células de mamíferos por regularem a expressão de genes envolvidos na proliferação celular, e ja foi também demonstrado que o tamponamento de Ca2+ nuclear prejudica o crescimento das células cancerosas in vitro, bem como in vivo. O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver um protocolo in vitro que simulava radioterapia de cabeça e pescoço de acordo com parâmetros clínicos e investigar o papel do tamponamento de Ca2+ nuclear para aumentar o efeito antitumoral de raios-Xem carcinoma de células escamosas humano. Para estes fins, células da linhagem celular A431 foram submetidas a dose acumulada de 10Gy de raiosX,em esquema de fracionamento diário de doses, (XRCd10Gy) ou em associação com o tamponamento de Ca2+ nuclear (Ca2+n). Análise do ciclo celular, ensaio de proliferação, a quantificação de lesões de DNA nuclear/mitocondriail, expressão de ADAM-17, a expressão de EGFR e fração de sobrevivência foram investigadas. Nosso modelo forneceu irradiações uniformes à mono camada de células, minimizando as incertezas, independente da posição dos frascos dentro de campo de irradiação, Todos os frascos receberam 100 ± 2% da dose calculada total. Descobrimos que XRCd10Gyinduziu apenas 4,3 ± 0,3% de morte celular (SubG1), indicando radiorresistência...


Após o tamponamento de Ca2+n a proliferação de células A431 diminuiu significativamente (p < 0,001) em comparação com o controle.Análise do ciclo celular mostraram que a associação do tamponamento Ca2+ncom XRCd10Gy aumentou a percentagem de células A431 em G2/M (35,7 ±2,5 %), sem danos de DNA nucleares/mitocondrial aparentes. No entanto, o tamponamento de Ca2+n preveniu significativamente (p < 0,05) o aumento da expressão de ADAM -17 e a ativação do EGFR, induzidas por irradiação. Além disso, a terapia de associação diminui significativamente a formação de colônias das celulas A431 (91 ± 0,4 %), mesmo com cerca de metade da dos e cumulativa. Os efeitos dos bloqueadores de integrina 4B4 e cRGD sobre a migração de células do melanoma humano da linhagem MV3 foram investigados, em cultivo celular 3D, mostrando que além de alterar a morfologia celular, o bloqueio das subunidades de integrina β1 e αvβ3 reduziram o índice de alongamento celular (3.8 ± 0.6 AU) quando comparado com o controle não tratado (8.5 ± 1.7 AU, p<0,001), bem como a velocidade média de migração 0.1± 0.06µm/minuto comparado ao controle não tratado 0.5 ± 0.1µm/minuto(p<0,001). Juntos, estes resultados contribuem para o desenvolvimento de nova estratégia de radioterapia para o tumor da cabeça e pescoço, com a combinação da terapia gênica e radiação ionizante, permitindo reduzir a exposição celular aos raios-X...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Calcium/therapeutic use , Head and Neck Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Radiation/classification
10.
Rev. bras. plantas med ; 16(4): 839-849, oct.-dic. 2014. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-729892

ABSTRACT

No cultivo de plantas medicinais as condições de salinidade e de luz podem exercer influência no rendimento e na qualidade final da produção de biomassa. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes luminosidades e níveis de salinidade na água de irrigação sobre o crescimento e tolerância de três espécies de plantas do gênero Plectranthus. O ensaio foi conduzido em parcelas subsubdivididas com cinco repetições, sendo as parcelas referente ao fator ambiente (pleno sol e telado), as subparcelas aos níveis de salinidade na água de irrigação - CEa (0,7; 1,9; 3,1; 4,3 e 5,5 dS m-1), e as subsubparcelas às três espécies do gênero Plectranthus (P. amboinicus, P. barbatus e P. grandis). As variáveis de resposta foram: índice relativo de clorofila (IRC), área foliar (AF), razão de área foliar (RAF), área foliar específica (AFE), matéria seca da parte aérea (MSPA), matéria seca das raízes (MSR), matéria seca total (MST), relação MSR/MSPA, grau de tolerância à salinidade, e teor dos íons Na+ e K+. O estresse salino reduziu o crescimento das plantas, sendo as maiores reduções observadas nas plantas expostas a pleno sol. A salinidade influenciou a partição de matéria seca, sendo as raízes mais afetadas do que a parte aérea. Com o aumento da CEa houve aumento expressivo no teor foliar de Na+, enquanto o teor de K+ e o IRC foram reduzidos. Entretanto, o acúmulo de Na+ foi menor em P. grandis. Considerando-se a MST, verificou-se que as três espécies se mostraram moderadamente tolerantes à salinidade de até 3,1 dS m-1, exceto P. grandis cultivada em telado, classificada como tolerante. Em relação ao grau de redução na produção MSPA (parte de interesse comercial), poderia se recomendar o cultivo de P. grandis quando a água de irrigação contiver CEa de até 3,1 dS m-1.


In the cultivation of medicinal plants, salinity and light can affect the yield and quality of biomass. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of light and salinity levels of the irrigation water on the growth and salt tolerance of three medicinal plant species of the genus Plectranthus. A completely randomized split-plot design with five repetitions was used. The plots were formed by the environment of cultivation (full sunlight and greenhouse), the subplots by the salinity in the irrigation water - ECw (0.7, 1.9, 3.1, 4.3 and 5.5 dS m-1), and the subsubplots by the three plant species (P. amboinicus, P. barbatus and P. grandis). The following variables were evaluated: relative chlorophyll index (RCI), leaf area (LA), leaf area ratio (LAR), specific leaf area (SLA), shoot dry mass (SDM), root dry mass (RDM), total dry mass (TDM), RDM/SDM ratio, relative salt tolerance, and concentration of Na+ and K+ in leaves. Salinity reduced plant growth, with the greatest reductions observed in plants exposed to full sunlight. Salinity affected the dry matter partitioning, and the roots were more affected than the shoot. With increasing ECw, there was a significant increase in the concentration of Na+ in the leaves, while K+ and RCI decreased. However, the increase in Na+ accumulation was lower in P grandis. The three species were moderately tolerant to salinity up to 3.1 dS m-1, considering the total dry mass production, except the P. grandis grown in greenhouse, classified as tolerant. Regarding the relative reduction in shoot dry mass (part of commercial interest), we could recommend the cultivation of P. grandis when the available irrigation water presents values of ECw up to 3.1 dS m-1.


Subject(s)
Radiation/classification , Plectranthus/growth & development , Salinity , Biomass , /analysis , Agricultural Irrigation/instrumentation , Ions/pharmacology
11.
Belo Horizonte; s.n; 2014. xix, 115 p.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, Coleciona SUS | ID: biblio-940879

ABSTRACT

A radioterapia é uma modalidade importante para tratar o câncer de Cabeça e Pescoço, no entanto falhas do tratamento já foram observadas e recorrência da doença é comum. Novas abordagens para melhorar os efeitos benéficos de radioterapia têm sido desenvolvidas e terapia gênica surge como uma ferramenta importante para atingir esse objetivo. Apesar de modelos in vitro serem úteis para entender os efeitos da radiação em níveis celulares um modelo mais próximo ao esquema de irradiação clínica, que permita reproduzir irradiação diária, é necessário. Sinais de cálcio no núcleo têm demonstrado desempenhar um papel crucial em células de mamíferos por regularem a expressão de genes envolvidos na proliferação celular, e ja foi também demonstrado que o tamponamento de Ca2+ nuclear prejudica o crescimento das células cancerosas in vitro, bem como in vivo. O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver um protocolo in vitro que simulava radioterapia de cabeça e pescoço de acordo com parâmetros clínicos e investigar o papel do tamponamento de Ca2+ nuclear para aumentar o efeito antitumoral de raios-Xem carcinoma de células escamosas humano. Para estes fins, células da linhagem celular A431 foram submetidas a dose acumulada de 10Gy de raiosX,em esquema de fracionamento diário de doses, (XRCd10Gy) ou em associação com o tamponamento de Ca2+ nuclear (Ca2+n). Análise do ciclo celular, ensaio de proliferação, a quantificação de lesões de DNA nuclear/mitocondriail, expressão de ADAM-17, a expressão de EGFR e fração de sobrevivência foram investigadas. Nosso modelo forneceu irradiações uniformes à mono camada de células, minimizando as incertezas, independente da posição dos frascos dentro de campo de irradiação, Todos os frascos receberam 100 ± 2% da dose calculada total. Descobrimos que XRCd10Gyinduziu apenas 4,3 ± 0,3% de morte celular (SubG1), indicando radiorresistência.


Após o tamponamento de Ca2+n a proliferação de células A431 diminuiu significativamente (p < 0,001) em comparação com o controle.Análise do ciclo celular mostraram que a associação do tamponamento Ca2+ncom XRCd10Gy aumentou a percentagem de células A431 em G2/M (35,7 ±2,5 %), sem danos de DNA nucleares/mitocondrial aparentes. No entanto, o tamponamento de Ca2+n preveniu significativamente (p < 0,05) o aumento da expressão de ADAM -17 e a ativação do EGFR, induzidas por irradiação. Além disso, a terapia de associação diminui significativamente a formação de colônias das celulas A431 (91 ± 0,4 %), mesmo com cerca de metade da dos e cumulativa. Os efeitos dos bloqueadores de integrina 4B4 e cRGD sobre a migração de células do melanoma humano da linhagem MV3 foram investigados, em cultivo celular 3D, mostrando que além de alterar a morfologia celular, o bloqueio das subunidades de integrina β1 e αvβ3 reduziram o índice de alongamento celular (3.8 ± 0.6 AU) quando comparado com o controle não tratado (8.5 ± 1.7 AU, p<0,001), bem como a velocidade média de migração 0.1± 0.06µm/minuto comparado ao controle não tratado 0.5 ± 0.1µm/minuto(p<0,001). Juntos, estes resultados contribuem para o desenvolvimento de nova estratégia de radioterapia para o tumor da cabeça e pescoço, com a combinação da terapia gênica e radiação ionizante, permitindo reduzir a exposição celular aos raios-X.


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Humans , Calcium/therapeutic use , Head and Neck Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Radiation/classification
12.
Rev. senol. patol. mamar. (Ed. impr.) ; 26(4): 138-145, oct.-dic. 2013.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-117225

ABSTRACT

La radioterapia en el cáncer de mama se ha empleado desde hace más de 100 años para el control local de la enfermedad. Las mejoras tecnológicas incorporadas en los últimos 20-30 años han optimizado estos resultados de control local y han conseguido aumentar la supervivencia global (nivel de evidencia 1, en el metaanálisis de Oxford). Realizamos un breve recuerdo histórico de los avances que han cambiado la práctica clínica de la radioterapia en el cáncer de mama, desde las 2 dimensiones a las 3 dimensiones con la incorporación de la tomografía axial computarizada para la simulación virtual, los conceptos de volúmenes de tratamiento, órganos de riesgo, histogramas dosis-volumen y el objetivo de distribución homogénea de la dosis absorbida entre el 95 y el 107%. Las mejoras tecnológicas en las unidades de tratamiento, desde la cobaltoterapia a los aceleradores con multiláminas automáticos con colimación de los haces hasta 5 mm en un tiempo récord, acortando los tiempos de tratamiento y la protección exquisita de los órganos de riesgo, como el pulmón y el corazón. Describiremos las generalidades de las técnicas de radioterapia en el cáncer de mama, la inmovilización en supino y en prono, la posición y volúmenes de tratamiento, la calidad de la radiación, técnica y dosis recomendadas. Mencionaremos también los nuevos fraccionamientos, que están irrumpiendo en la práctica clínica asistencial de la radioterapia del cáncer de mama, con un nivel de evidencia suficiente, con resultados en control local, supervivencia, estéticos y de toxicidad similares a los del fraccionamiento de 2 Gy en 25 fracciones (AU)


Radiation therapy in breast cancer has been used for more than a century for local disease control. Improved technology in the last 20-30 years has maximized outcomes not only in achieving local control but also in increasing overall survival (level 1 evidence in an Oxford meta-analysis). We present a brief historical review of all the technical and scientific advances that have changed clinical practice in breast cancer radiotherapy. These include the switch from 2-dimensional to 3-dimensional technology with the use of computed tomography for virtual simulation, the new concepts of treatment volumes, organs at risk and dose-volume histograms, and the objective of a homogeneous distribution of the absorbed dose of between 95% and 107%. Technological advances in treatment units, from cobalt therapy to accelerators with MLC leaves with beam collimation of up to 5 mm in record time have shortened treatment times and provide exquisite protection to at-risk organs, such as the heart or lung. We describe the general features of radiation therapy techniques in breast cancer, including immobilization in supine and prone positions, the position and volumes of treatment, the quality of radiation, the technique, and recommended doses. We also mention the new dose fractions that are breaking into the clinical practice of breast cancer radiotherapy, with a considerable level of evidence showing good results in terms of local control, survival rates, and esthetic outcomes, as well as toxic effects very similar to those achieved with the standard dose of 50 Gy in 25 fractions of 2 Gy (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Breast Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Radiation/classification , Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic/therapeutic use , Radiotherapy, Adjuvant/instrumentation , Radiotherapy, Adjuvant/methods , Radiotherapy, Adjuvant , Breast Neoplasms/complications , Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis , Breast Neoplasms , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/history , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/trends
13.
Clin. transl. oncol. (Print) ; 15(11): 889-896, nov. 2013.
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-127671

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate the treatment outcomes of low-dose whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT)-based differential radiation therapy (RT) for metastatic brain tumors. METHODS: A total of 242 targets (metastatic brain lesions) were analyzed in the present study. Median WBRT dose and number of fractions were 25 (range 25-35) Gy and 10 (range 8-15) fractions, respectively. A median normalized total dose (NTD) of 1.8 Gy (NTD(1.8Gy)) to the metastatic lesion was 45 (range 27-64.8) Gy. We numbered and contoured each metastatic lesion sequentially using computed tomography fused with serial magnetic resonance imaging to evaluate volumetric changes. RESULTS: The 6-month and 1-year freedom from remote ntracranial failure rates were 87.7 and 58.5 %, respectively. The 6-month actuarial local control (LC) rate was 93.4 %. Tumor diameter was a major determinant for LC, and tumor histology was a significant parameter predicting the volume reduction rate. With overall complete response (CR) rate of 56.6 % after RT, CR rate, if the target was more than 1 cm in size, was 25 % with a median NTD(1.8Gy) of 45 Gy, requiring dose escalation to achieve better target regression. CONCLUSIONS: Low-dose WBRT with selective boost was feasible and effective. Our results pose the rationale of future trial of differential radiation therapy (RT), which prescribes different radiation dose according to the tumor density in metastatic brain tumors (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Radiation/classification , Tomography/mortality , Tomography/methods , Tomography/trends , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/methods
15.
Med. clín (Ed. impr.) ; 138(3): 127-132, feb. 2012.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-98053

ABSTRACT

Se discuten diversas interpretaciones del término tóxico y la necesidad de actualizar la definición adaptándola a los cambios producidos por los avances científicos. Tras analizar los factores que contribuyen a la relatividad del término y sus fronteras, se propone una definición clara y precisa, que pretende ajustarse al concepto más ampliamente extendido de su significado. La nueva definición dice: «tóxico es, para los seres humanos y su entorno biológico no patógeno o dañino, toda radiación electromagnética o corpuscular y todo agente químico no infeccioso, de tamaño no superior a una pequeña partícula o fibra, que, tras generarse internamente o entrar en contacto, penetrar y/o ser absorbido por un organismo vivo, en dosis suficientemente alta, puede producir o produce un efecto adverso directo o indirecto en el mismo no manifiestamente relacionado con su temperatura o con una diferencia mensurable de potencial eléctrico». El conocimiento científico precisa definiciones exactas que eviten ambigüedades (AU)


We discuss different interpretations of the term poison as well as the need of bringing up to date the changes in this matter according to the science progress. A clear and exact definition is proposed after analysing the factors that affect the relativity of the concept and its boundaries. The proposal for a definition is presented taking into account the most broadly extended concepts concerning its significance. That is to say: "a poison is, for human beings and their non-pathogenic and non-harmful biological environment, an electromagnetic or corpuscular radiation, or a non-infectious chemical agent, structured no larger in size than a small particle or fibre that, after being generated internally or after contact, penetration and/or absorption by a live organism, in sufficiently high dose, can produce or produces a direct or indirect adverse effect unrelated to its temperature or measurable electrical potential difference". The scientific knowledge needs accurate definitions to avoid ambiguities (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Hazardous Substances/analysis , Toxic Substances , Radiation/classification , 35510 , Toxicity Measurements , Toxicity/classification , Radiation Sources
16.
Psicothema (Oviedo) ; 23(2): 189-195, abr.-jun. 2011. tab, ilus
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-86581

ABSTRACT

Las áreas cerebrales más activas y su secuencia de activación durante el recuerdo y la denominación exitosa de caras (Condición SI) y durante el fenómeno de la punta de la lengua (Condición PDL) fueron estimadas a partir de potenciales evocados mediante tomografías electromagnéticas de baja resolución (LORETA). Los resultados muestran evidencia de que una adecuada activación de una red neural (estando principalmente implicadas áreas temporales posteriores, insula, áreas prefrontales mediales y laterales, y áreas temporales mediales) durante los primeros 500 ms después de la presentación de la cara está relacionada con la recuperación exitosa de información léxicofonológica sobre el nombre de la persona. Además se obtuvieron diferencias significativas entre ambas condiciones en el intervalo 538-698 ms; concretamente, el giro cingulado anterior y el área motora suplementaria mostraron una mayor activación en la Condición SI que en la Condición PDL, posiblemente relacionada con la respuesta motora y como consecuencia de la recuperación exitosa de la información léxico-fonológica sobre la persona (AU)


Active brain areas and their temporal sequence of activation during the successful retrieval and naming of famous faces (KNOW) and during the tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) state were studied by means of low resolution electromagnetic tomographic analysis (LORETA) applied to event-related potentials. The results provide evidence that adequate activation of a neural network during the first 500 ms following presentation of the photograph -mainly involving the posterior temporal region, the insula, lateral and medial prefrontal areas and the medial temporal lobe- is associated with successful retrieval of lexical-phonological information about the person’s name. Significant differences between conditions were observed in the 538-698-ms interval; specifically there was greater activation of the anterior cingulate gyrus (ACC) towards the supplementary motor area (SMA) in the KNOW than in the TOT condition, possibly in relation to the motor response and as a consequence of the successful retrieval of lexical-phonological information about the person (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Mental Recall/physiology , Cerebrum/physiology , Tomography , Linguistics/methods , Students/psychology , Students/statistics & numerical data , Behavior/physiology , Temporal Lobe/physiology , Temporal Lobe , Comprehension , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Radiation/classification , Data Analysis/methods , 28599 , Analysis of Variance , Parietal Lobe/physiology , Parietal Lobe , Electrophysiology/trends
18.
Rev. bras. cardiol. (Impr.) ; 23(4): 224-229, jul.-ago. 2010. tab, ilus, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-568761

ABSTRACT

Fundamentos: Nota-se crescente utilização da angiotomografia de arterias coronárias, encontrando-se na literatura grande variabilidade na dose de radiação empregada. Há preocupação mundial em relação à exposição à radiação ionizante em procedimentos médicos, sendo que estratégias para minimização da dose são fortemente encorajadas. Objetivos: Determinar a dose de radiação utilizada em clínica privada no Rio de Janeiro e fatores associados à redução da dose. Métodos: Estudos retrospectivo e observacional, envolvendo 232 pacientes consecutivos submetidos à angiotomografia de artérias coronárias de 64 detectores por indicação clínica, utilizando-se técnicas visando à redução da dose de radiação. Resultados: A dose média geral de radiação empregada foi 7,6mSv, sem diferença na dose aplicada em homens e mulheres (7,9mSv vs. 7,0mSv, respectivamente, p=0,15). A utilização de modulação de dose pelo eletrocardiograma (ECG) e tensão do tubo de 100kV estão ambas associadas à queda de aproximadamente 50 por cento cada na dose. Fatores como idade avançada e presença de stents estão associados à maior exposição. Conclusões: A dose de radiação utilizada rotineiramente...


Background: In parallel to an upsurge in the use of computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA), the literature varies widely in terms of radiation doses, prompting worldwide concern about radiation exposure in medical procedures, with strong supportfor strategies aimed at reducing these doses. Objectives: To determine the radiation dose employed in CTCA studies in a private clinic at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and the factors associated with lower radiation doses. Methods: Retrospective observational study of 232consecutive patients clinically referred for 64-slice CTCA with radiation dose r eduction techniques. Results: The mean radiation dose was 7.6mSv, with no difference between men and women (7.9mSv vs. 7.0mSv, respectively, p=0,15). Electrocardiogram (ECG) dose modulation and reduced 100kV tubevoltage are associated with dose reductions of approximately 50% each. Factors such as increasing age and the presence of coronary stents are associated with higher exposure. Conclusions: The routine radiation dose used with exposure minimization techniques...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Coronary Disease/complications , Radiation/classification , Risk Factors
19.
Cuad. med. forense ; 13(48/49): 143-156, abr.-jun. 2007. tab, graf
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-058408

ABSTRACT

Dentro de la estimación forense de la edad, las recomendaciones del AGFAD establecen la práctica de estudios de radiología de la clavícula para el diagnóstico de la edad en la franja entre los 18 y 21 años de edad. Se presenta un estudio sobre una muestra de 123 radiografías digitales de tórax de sujetos entre 5 y 75 años de edad en las que se ha analizado el estado de fusión de la epífisis esternal de la clavícula. En este estudio la edad mínima a la que se ha podido valorar la existencia de un estado de fusión completa (estadios 4 y 5 de Schmeling) ha sido de 19,7 años. Se analiza la bibliografía actualizada sobre este fenómeno y se apuntan una serie de sugerencias adicionales a las propuestas por AGFAD


In 2000 the AGFAD published their recommendations about forensic age estimations. They recommended an X ray of the clavicle (collar bone) in cases of subjects between 18 and 21 years of age. We present a study on stages of fusion of clavicle sternal epiphyses in a 123 digital X-rays from a population sample between 5 and 75 years of age. In our research minimum age at which complete fusion was achived (stages 4 or 5 in Schmeling method) has been 19,7 years of chronological age. A review of the medico legal literature about age estimation based on sternal end of the clavicle has been included. It´s pointed out that forensic experts should bear in mind some suggestions when applying AGFAD recommendations to obtain an age estimation based in clavicle X-rays


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Epiphyses/cytology , Epiphyses/ultrastructure , Clavicle/cytology , Clavicle/ultrastructure , Age Determination by Skeleton/methods , Radiography, Thoracic , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods , Diagnostic Imaging/methods , Anatomy, Comparative/methods , Anatomy, Comparative/trends , Radiation/classification
20.
Ciênc. rural ; 36(2): 656-659, mar.-abr. 2006. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-423215

ABSTRACT

Neste trabalho, foi calculada, para os diferentes meses da principal estação de crescimento da vegetação, a eficiência de conversão da radiação fotossinteticamente ativa incidente na biomassa aérea para a vegetação campestre natural do bioma Campo Sulino. A área de estudos estava localizada na Embrapa Pecuária Sul, no município de Bagé, (RS), estando a vegetação sob pastejo contínuo. Os resultados indicaram variações nos valores desta eficiência conforme o estádio fenológico da vegetação pastejada, o que demonstra que a utilização de um valor único para o cálculo da produção de biomassa aérea da vegetação campestre natural é inadequado para estimativas feitas para períodos inferiores a um ano.


Subject(s)
Brazil , Food , Plants , Radiation/classification , Climate
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